Vocal Fry

   In my previous (Jan. 16, 2015) "Re-Connecting Voice and Heart" workshop, one participant brought up the question of Vocal Fry -- what is it and why are so many people speaking and singing this way now? Since then, I've been on a fascinating exploration of this thing called Vocal Fry. Initially, when it was brought to my attention in my workshop, my only thought and awareness about Vocal Fry was that it was this annoying (and probably damaging to the vocal cords) way of speaking and/or singing. I knew that Britney Spears used it a lot in her singing.

   As an ongoing way of speaking or singing, I think many people would agree that Vocal Fry can be extremely annoying. Check out this great example of celebrities using Vocal Fry in their speaking voices.
                      Great Examples of Celebrities Speaking in Vocal Fry

In case you are not familiar with Britney Spears use of Vocal Fry, check out the following link. At the beginning of many phrases in her song., you'll hear a gravelly, growly type of ahhhh sound -- that is her Vocal Fry. It makes her voice sound small and constricted and whiny.
                                         . Brittney Spears Oops, I Did It Again

Just for the sake of contrast, here is Britney Spears at 10 years old, BEFORE she fell into, or got pushed into, the Vocal Fry craze. This video is amazing and inspiring. Her voice is strong and connected and full. Her whole body leans into the sound. This is a beautiful example of a strong Voice/Body connection.
                          Britney Spears at 10 years old: Amazing Voice/Body Integration


Two Sides to the VOCAL FRY Coin

I have discovered that there are definitely two sides to this Vocal Fry coin. It has its shadowy side. Overused it can be annoying and damaging to the vocal cords.

  Used properly and wisely, it can be a great vocal technique and it can add the perfect expression or nuance to a song or a  voice.


Definitions of Vocal Fry

A simple definition of Vocal Fry is that it is the range BELOW our chest voice. Who knew! I thought bottom of chest voice was the lowest limit in our range. Now I am discovering a whole range below my chest voice. Pretty exciting for someone like me, who, only about 7 short years ago, didn't even have any connection with my Chest Voice. My voice was unnaturally high and squeezed, especially when I tried to sing. Now it is, for the most part, low and relaxed, and about to get a whole lot lower now that I know how to safely practice the Vocal Fry. And just to reassure -- I have not lost any of my top (or head voice) range. In fact, knowing how to drop my Voice into the lower Chest range register has stabilized my overall voice so that my head or high range is much stronger and higher than it was previously.

A NOT SIMPLE Definition of Vocal Fry according to Wikipedia: This is for the technical minded! For a simpler explanation, just scroll down to the link below about Using Vocal Fry Properly.                        
The vocal fry register (also known as pulse register, laryngealisation, pulse phonation, creak, popcorning, glottal fry, glottal rattle, glottal scrape, or strohbass) is the lowest vocal register and is produced through a loose glottal closure which will permit air to bubble through slowly with a popping or rattling sound of a very low frequency.^[1] During this phonation, the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are drawn together which causes the vocal folds to compress rather tightly and become relatively slack and compact. This process forms a large and irregularly vibrating mass within the vocal folds that produces the characteristic low popping or rattling sound when air passes through the glottal closure. The very lowest part of the register can extend in rare cases to 20–50 pulses per second, or about two octaves below the lower part of the modal vocal register (the normal voice).^[2]

The Exciting and Beneficial Use of Vocal Fry

   Now, for the exciting news about Vocal Fry. It is an actual register in the voice and can be used in technique and range development. If used wisely and sparingly, Vocal Fry can add a great deal to a song or a speaking voice. Here is a link to a very knowledgeable Vocal Coach, Justin Stoney. He explains and demonstrates Vocal Fry very clearly. He also offers a helpful exercise so we can practice with him. This is Part One of a Three Part series that he has posted on Youtube. Very worthwhile and interesting to listen to all three parts.

                                    Using Vocal Fry Properly


Another Exciting Side Note Here: Vocal Fry and the Chakras

Those who have attended my "Re-Connecting Voice and Heart" workshops know that I do love to create a vocal warm up which brings the voice into each of the 7 Major Chakras (energy centers of the body). Because my focus has been generally about re-connecting the voice and the body, I tend to work with the 7 Major Chakras, those directly connected with and located within, the physical body. I often do add a little moment of allowing our voices to drop down through our feet, into the Earth. Although I haven't previously used this terminology, we were actually directing our Voices down into The Earth Star Chakra, an energy center that exists BELOW our physical bodies, and connects us more deeply with Mother Earth. However, it is only now that I am realizing the Vocal Fry Range is actually connected with that Earth Star Chakra. Exciting Stuff!!

                              *****************************

Now I am looking at that SOUL STAR CHAKRA (above the head) and thinking about The Whistle Range which is actually the vocal range ABOVE our Head Voice. More about that in an upcoming blog!!!
                                 *****************************

Meantime, LOVE YOUR VOICES. Keep experimenting, exploring, learning, expanding. Our Vocal potential and range is likely way bigger than most of us have ever dreamed. In the same way that we human beings generally use only a tiny portion of our brain power, I suspect most of us are using only a tiny portion of our Vocal Power. LET'S STAY OPEN TO POSSIBILITIES.

 Barbara

Song Lyrics and Family Dynamics

John, Julian and Cynthia Lennon

Recently I was exploring some of Julian Lennon's music. In the unlikely event that anyone is not familiar with Julian Lennon, he is the first born son of John and Cynthia Lennon. Julian was born in 1963, just as the Beatles were becoming known around the world. So, with Beatlemania reaching its peak during the time that Julian was just a toddler, clearly John did not have much time or energy for his son. With all the demands of touring, recording, songwriting etc. not much father and son bonding could happen.

Actually the very best account of John's life that I have ever read (and believe me, I have read many!) is "John" by Cynthia Lennon.
                                                                     

John by Cynthia Lennon

 In this book, Cynthia talks about the fact that on the rare occasions that John was home with Cynthia and Julian, Julian never knew if his father was going to embrace him or push him away. John was known to be quite moody at times. By the time Julian was 5  years old, John had left Cynthia and Julian to go off with Yoko Ono. So John was pretty much an absent father and when he was present, it seemed that he could be emotionally abusive. And then he just abandoned his son and wife altogether. As if that is not heart breaking enough for a little boy to deal with, by the time Julian was a teenager, John had another son, this time with Yoko Ono. At that point, John gave up music to be a full time father to his second son, Sean. From a distance, Julian was witnessing all of this since John's life with Yoko and baby Sean was made pretty public.  In the meantime, John. for the most part, was pretty much ignoring Julian and Cynthia.

John Lennon as a teenager

A Teen Aged Julian Lennon

Julian Lennon's Music and Revealing Lyrics
Knowing this story of John, Cynthia and Julian, I then stumbled upon this song written and performed by Julian Lennon. To me, it speaks volumes about Julian's relationship with his father.
                      (Click on Link below to access the song)
                     I Should Have Known by Julian Lennon
Some very deeply touching and revealing lyrics such as "Time and time again you've disappeared and then, you've come home to me and played my emotions."  "I gave you everything, my love and devotion. You tore my life apart. You killed my inner heart. You raped every part of me. You raped my emotions."

I was hit hard by that line "You killed my inner heart." I think most people who have been emotionally or physically or otherwise abused know exactly what Julian is expressing here. That really deep place inside our hearts that craves deep connection and intimacy is often so wounded, so bruised or so closed down that sometimes even love cannot penetrate that place -- even though that may be exactly what we are craving.

The Tragedy of  John Lennon's Young Life
As I was listening to the lyrics of Julian's song, it really struck me that his father, John Lennon, could have written exactly those same lyrics about the abandonment that he experienced from his father, and then his mother. John's father was a sailor who was gone for long periods of time and then one day he just walked out on John and his mother Julia when John was very young (some books say John was 3, some say he was 5 when his father left). Exactly the same pattern repeating itself. So sad, so tragic -- for John and Julian. John's young life became even more tragic when his mother gave him up and he had to go and live with his Aunt Mimi. From all that I have read about Aunt Mimi, she was very strict and unyielding. And John used to beg his mother to take him back.  John's story gets even more tragic -- well worth reading Cynthia's book if you want to really get to know this remarkable and deeply wounded man and musician.

John's song "Mother" really tells the story. It is one of the most powerful and heartbreaking songs I have ever heard.

Click on link immediately below to hear this powerful, heart wrenching song.
 Mother by John Lennon

"Mother you had me but I never had you.
I wanted you, but you didn't want me."
"Father you left me but I never left you
I needed you, but you didn't need me"

And the song ends with the heart wrenching chorus sung in John's wailing voice, a voice that is connected with deep gut wrenching pain:

"Mama don't go.
Daddy come home."

It seems that family patterns keep repeating themselves until we each find our own way out of them -- not always an easy task. Thankfully there is currently a lot of work and research being done in this area of family dynamics.


This story of John and Julian Lennon just needed to be told. I think back to being 13 years old in 1964 when we young teenagers were screaming and fainting and going crazy over John Lennon and the other Beatles, and meanwhile, a young boy was suffering the pain of abandonment and emotional abuse from his famous musician father. It is a sobering thought.


Thank You for the Music!
 I thank you both, John Lennon and Julian Lennon, for the gift of your music and for sharing some of your deepest and most profound emotions and feelings so openly through your songs.

Maybe, if we reflect a little on the story of Julian and John, we may begin to recognize, uncover and heal some of our own painful family patterns. And who knows -- maybe we'll be able to turn that pain into some kind of deeply touching music -- or artwork -- or dance -- or story.

Til next time, take good care of yourselves.

Barbara

The Embodied Voice Workshop Sat. May 11

It's rolling around again! Another chance to open our mouths and explore our voices. Maybe even learn to LOVE our voices. 

The Embodied Voice  workshop**

This work is helpful for anyone who wants to sing, sound, vocalize, tell stories, offer sound healing through the voice and/or speak their truth from the depths of the Heart and Soul.

We will work with a variety of exercises and sounds that help to open the throat, release the jaw, relax the larynx, develop the vocal cords, expand the range and create more awareness and stability in the voice. We'll explore how to use our favourite songs as powerful vocal exercises.

We'll "tune in" and experience voice from a deeper, more internal (or more embodied) place.

We will also explore how to offer ourselves and others some sound healing through the voice.

**For those who attended the March 2 Embodied Voice workshop, this one will differ somewhat. We'll work with some different sounds and exercises and this one will not include Vocalizing into the Chakras. It will include self healing through vocal vibrations, and a little journey into the world of songs!

The Centering Space

59 Cambridge Ave. (just east of Broadview and Danforth)

Sat. May 11, 2013     10:15 am--12:15 pm

Cost: $25.00 (pay at the door)

RSVP  barbarassong@gmail.com


   **Please bring a notebook or journal for this workshop.

**And please come well hydrated.
Drink lots of good clean (if possible) water for at least a day or two prior to the workshop.Vocal cords need to be well hydrated in order to function in optimum condition. And drinking lots of good clean water is an important habit to cultivate anyway.


I'm looking forward to some more inspiring vocal explorations with you!

Barbara

The Embodied Voice Practice

In the previous "Embodied Voice" workshop that I offered, the question came up about how to practice, or how to best work with our Voices. Since then, I have thought a lot about that question and I want to offer a more complete and detailed response here.


Clearly, animals, in their natural habitat, vocalize freely from the depths of their being. Just think about a purring cat -- a very gentle, soft vocal sound -- and yet, you can actually feel the vibration of that sound throughout the cats entire torso. The sound resonates, not just in the throat, but throughout the whole body. That's an Embodied Voice!

People in other cultures, where vocalizing and singing and sounding are a natural part of how they express and celebrate and grieve, also seem to have no hesitation in allowing their natural voice to emerge from their depths. In our Western culture, vocalizing and singing is not always so welcomed. Singing, especially, seems to be relegated only to those "fortunate few" that have (according to our society's standards) good singing voices. Even speaking up freely is not always encouraged, or even allowed. Various kinds of vocal repression, fear of sounding "bad" if we try to sing, shyness -- so many things cut us off from our natural voices and our natural vocal expression.

So the question is, how do we begin to re-train our voices to become more "embodied" or more part of our Whole Being? How do we re-learn to vocalize, express or sing from our Hearts and Souls? How do we help that child part of ourselves  feel safe enough to let his/her voice out into the world? And how do we train and develop our vocal cords which may have become weakened or strained through trying to push a disconnected voice to function without the support, grounding and breath from our core?

Proper Breathing, Posture and Care of the Vocal Cords were covered in my two previous blog posts, so good idea to go back and review that information first.

And then moving on ....

How to Practice

1. Focus:

a.) First and most important is to check in with your voice and reflect on what you think you need or want to get out of your practice at this point. Do you want more stamina in your voice, more stability, more flow and expressiveness, more depth, more connection between your heart and your voice? What do you think your voice needs right now?  Take that question into your heart, and then into the core of your being (as I explained in The Embodied Voice Part 1).

 b.) Another way to tune in to what your voice needs is to actually dialogue with your voice. Doing this as a writing exercise can provide some incredible and amazing results. With pen and paper in hand, bring your awareness into your vocal cords and you can make some sound if that helps you feel more connected with your voice. The simply start writing a conversation between you and your voice. It could start out with you writing something like "Hello Voice. I'm really excited (or nervous, or apprehensive or....) about connecting more deeply with you". And then allow your Voice to respond (you are still writing this down). It might be something like "Wow -- I really appreciate you taking time to connect with me like this. I've been feeling held back. There's so much I want to say, but I feel kind of trapped inside here."  And then you may say something like "How can I help you to feel freer? How can I help you to feel safe and comfortable?" And then your voice can respond. Just keep the conversation going until it finds its own completion. This exercise may feel a bit strange at first but once you get the hang of it and allow the conversation to flow, you may be pleasantly surprised at the kind of information you receive.

2. Creating an Open Channel or Pathway for the Voice:

 Spend a few moments observing the breath as it flows in and out of the throat. On each inhalation, imagine warm healing air passing through the inside of the throat, relaxing and gently opening the throat. Gradually invite that breath to move down into the lower belly or core of your being. Imagine, as you breathe, that you are actually creating a channel for the voice from the core of your being and up through your (now more relaxed and open) throat.

3. Vocalizing:

Once you feel that channel being open, or at least you are imagining it being open, begin to make a gentle sound like MMMMMMM. The sound needs to be a definite, connected sound (as opposed to the quieter, breathy sound that we often make while humming). A breathy sound weakens the vocal cords, so make sure your sound is definite and strong. And then explore just sliding the sound up and down, into a little higher part of your voice and down into the lower part of your voice. At this point, keep it in a comfortable range -- not too high, not too low. Just a nice easy slide up and down a few times.

4. If you want: 

               Stamina and Stability: You can try using a little stronger sound. From that closed mouth MMMM sound, allow the mouth to drop open and the sound to shift from MMMMM to Muuuuh and then keep the mouth open and stay with an Uuuuuuuuuh sound. You can also use Ahhhhhhhh (the sound you make when the Doctor puts a tongue depressor on your tongue and tells you to say Ahhhh. Just spend a few minutes sliding up and down through your voice -- again finding a fairly comfortable range to work through. You are not trying to stretch your vocal cords into their full range. You are just trying to strengthen them and bring lots of circulation into them. Do this maybe 2 or 3 times a week. Start with 5 minutes (unless your voice feels tired before that -- pay attention to the messages of the voice). Gradually work your way up to 10 minutes over a few weeks. Remember -- you are working with tiny, delicate muscles. Any time you do muscle training, you have to increase the weight by increments -- too much too fast will result in strain or injury. Training the vocal cords is no different.

              Flow and Expressiveness: This is where you can try stretching a little further into your full range. If you want to get deeper into your lower range, use the "uuuuuuuuuuuhh" and "ahhhhhhhhh" sounds above. To get more into your higher range, use "narrow vowels" like oooooooo (like the sound in "boat"). Basically sounds that come through rounded lips are narrow and will help you move more readily into the head voice. And again, start with a few minutes and work your way up gradually. Two or three times a week  (not the same days that you work on stamina) would be a good frequency to practice. And just explore sliding up and down through your whole range. Another good sound to explore through your range is simply "ho ho ho" (that's right -- like Santa Claus!! -- except you'll do it through your high (or head) voice and down through your low (or chest) voice. I think Santa Claus only has a deep chest voice!!!

               More Connection Between Heart and Voice: One very simple way to begin working on this connection is to bring your awareness and breath into your Heart Centre. As you breathe into this place, reflect on the qualities of Heart -- Love, Compassion, Truth, Conviction, Forgiveness and whatever else Heart signifies for you. Then tune in to what sound might want to emerge from your Heart. If you are in a "sound friendly" space, then allow that sound to emerge. Otherwise you can imagine what sound might want to emerge.
                  Or -- just breath into your Heart and allow whatever feeling is there to have a voice.
                 Or -- sit with a trusted friend, both of you settling into your Hearts through breath and awareness, and then allow your conversation to flow from there. You can also do this by journaling your Heart Centred thoughts if you prefer to keep this more private.

Vocalizing from the Depths!

   I'll leave you with those thoughts on practicing for now. More to come later! It's a huge topic. In the meantime, check out the video link below for some more fun sounds and exercises to explore.

Some Fun Vocal Warm Ups

                                                                                               
Barbara

The Embodied Voice: Part 2

Those amazing vocal cords! I won't go deeply into the anatomy and physiology of the vocal cords -- there is a ton of information available if you just google Vocal Cords.

They are comprised of muscle and tissue and are very small, considering the amazing amount of sound they are capable of creating. Women, in general, have shorter and thinner vocal cords (1.25 cm--1.75 cm) while men have longer and thicker vocal cords (1.75 cm -- 2.5 cm). That accounts for the (generally) deeper, chestier voices of men.

Vocal cords are very affected by hormones. As people age and hormone levels drop, the vocal cords become slightly thicker and the vocal range may diminish in an untrained voice. However, with the right vocal training and care for the vocal cords, one can maintain, and possibly even develop more range (even after those hormonal changes take place in our 50s.) 


Care of the Vocal Cords

1. If you watch the video (link at the bottom of this article) of the actual vocal cords as the person makes sound and breathes, you'll see that they are very moist. Drinking lots of water is especially important. Vocal cords need to be well hydrated for good health and functioning.

2.You will also see, in the illustration above, and in the video below, that the position of the vocal cords is very different for breathing and for speaking or singing. The vocal cords open up wide when we take in a full breath. To speak or sing in a way that is healthy, the vocal cords need to be mostly closed and then they vibrate together to create the sound. That means only a very small amount of air should be coming through with the sound. If we push a lot of air through the vocal cords as we are speaking or singing (as in whispering or singing in a "breathy" style) we will, over time, weaken the vocal cords.

The good news is -- the body knows how to adjust the air flow if we make sounds in a strong and connected way. For example, many of us like to hum along to songs but too often we do it in a quiet, breathy way which is not so good. If we hum or make that MMMMMM sound and we make it a little stronger and more definite, then we are allowing the vocal cords to stay closed and vibrate properly. (In making that MMMMMM sound, make sure the jaw is relaxed even though the mouth is closed. Even with the mouth closed, you can still drop the jaw to some extent.)

Sometimes, with shy people, there is a tendency to speak in a hesitant,  quiet, uncertain, breathy way. Or if we are in a position to have to sing with a group, I know my former favourite trick was to kind of sing "under my breath" so no one would hear me! To take the best possible care of our vocal cords, it is really important for our sound to be connected and definite. So I still recommend (as I did in Part 1 -- the previous blog post) that we learn to breathe deeply into the deepest part of the lungs and then we concentrate on making the sound correctly and allow the body to adjust the breathing to support the sound. When you are using only a small amount of air, you may find that you can hold the note much longer than you previously could.

3. Caffeine and alcohol are very dehydrating to the vocal cords, so be sure to follow those substances with extra water.Or, even better, eliminate them if you can.  Dairy products can create a lot of mucous in the vocal apparatus. If you try vocalizing or singing the day after you have ingested dairy, you may feel quite "phlegmy" and needing to clear your throat a lot. By the way, constantly clearing your throat can also be hard on the vocal cords. Notice when you need to do it. If it is mostly a nervous habit, see if you can just take some deep breaths instead. Or try decreasing (or eliminating) your dairy intake.

4. All general rules of good health -- adequate rest, good diet, hydration, exercise, also help the vocal cords function at their best ability. Whether we love to sing, sound, vocalize, tell stories, offer our voices in sound healing  or we want and need to be able to speak our truth in a definite and strong way, it all starts with healthy vocal cords.

A GRAPHIC View of the Vocal Cords

Sooooo -- Love your voice, Love your vocal cords!!

These are amazing and awesome gifts we have been given.

Barbara

The Embodied Voice: Part 1

This past Saturday I offered The Embodied Voice Workshop and I'm very grateful to the wonderful group of people who showed up on a Saturday morning and so willingly and openly shared their beautiful voices and energy. The healing power and and the beauty of our final "sounding from the heart" still rings in my memory and vibrates through my body. Wow!




An Embodied Voice Begins with Good Spinal Alignment

We began our embodied voice work by settling into our bodies and becoming more conscious of our posture. One danger in all of the "chair sitting" that many of us have to do, sometimes for prolonged periods, is that we tend to rest against the back of the chair which curves our spine into a "C" shape, as opposed to the beautiful "S" shape that is natural. As a result, not only is the spine then out of its natural alignment, but the front of the body  gets shortened and crunched in -- making for inner organs that are compressed and squeezed.  When that happens, the organs cannot function properly because they have no space to do so. The lungs get compressed and breath cannot flow easily and deeply. And all that leads to a constricted voice that is not supported by breath and cannot move through the body or the Chakras. How ever we find our good spinal alignment (my personal favourite posture tool is Iyengar Yoga, and there are many others like Alexander Technique, Pilates....) I think that an open, aligned posture is the number one essential step in creating a more stable, more embodied voice.

The link below is an interesting and helpful talk on the subject of the spine and proper posture.

TED TALK About Posture.

  

Once the body is allowed to be in its more natural alignment, the breath will likely begin to flow more easily and deeply with little or no conscious effort from us. Being able to breathe deeply into the bottom of the lungs (which will probably feel like we are breathing into the lower belly) is essential for developing a healthy, embodied voice. And it is essential for our good health in general!

In the workshop we began our breathing exercise by simply tuning in and observing the flow of breath in and out of the body. This by itself has a remarkably calming effect on the system. The breath will often become calmer and deeper without us doing anything more than just tuning in and holding it in our awareness.

 Connecting Voice with Heart and Soul

Afterwards, we did bring the breath more directly into our Hearts so that we could speak (and listen) from our Hearts. Then we "invited" the breath to move more deeply, right  into our core or Root Chakra (the pelvic floor) so that we could reflect and speak from an even more "embodied" place. This is a wonderful and very simple way of getting more connected with what wants to be spoken (or sung or sounded) from the depths of the Heart and Soul.

The Importance of "Inviting" the Breath

It is really important to have the attitude of "inviting" the breath, as opposed to pushing or forcing. Only bring the breath as deeply as it is ready to comfortably go. If our breathing has been generally shallow or mainly from the upper chest, we want to allow deeper breathing to happen slowly, in its own way and in its own time. Shallow breathing and tightness in the ribcage might be the result of old emotional issues or trauma. Any resistance to opening up and moving freely needs to be treated with patience and kindness and respect.

 Often, people are drawn to this type of vocal work because they are experiencing some kind of issue or constriction in their voices and/or in their bodies. Constrictions or restricted breathing patterns don't happen for no reason. They frequently are some kind of defense mechanisms that the person needed at some point as protection against abuse or criticism or trauma or physical injury.

So....GOOD POSTURE, CONSCIOUS BREATHING AND A LARGE MEASURE OF PATIENCE AND KINDNESS TOWARDS OURSELVES .... and we're on our way to developing a more stable, embodied voice.

In The Embodied Voice: Part 2,  (coming soon!) I'm going to offer some explanation and detail about the Vocal Cords and using sounds and vocalizing to develop them.

Until then, take good care of yourselves and -- Love Your Voice!

Barbara

The Embodied Voice Workshop

An opportunity to care for the voice, as opposed to always "using the voice" or "pushing the voice out there" in the many ways that we do (speaking, singing, sounding, communicating, cheering, comforting...). The voice, and the vibrations and sounds and words that emanate from it, can be great healers, but sometimes the voice needs attention and healing and strengthening as well. 

This work is helpful for anyone who uses their voice a great deal and also for anyone who feels shy or inhibited about allowing their voice to be heard. And it's just fun to connect with, and experience the voice in new ways.


We'll work with a variety of exercises and sounds that will help to open the throat, relax the larynx, develop the vocal cords and create more stability in the voice. We'll tune in and experience Voice from a deeper, more internal place. We will also explore the possibility of allowing the voice to settle into each of the Seven Major Chakras. As the voice settles more deeply into the body and into the Chakras, the vocal range and expressiveness of the voice will likely change and expand.

. 

                         The Centering Space
                                   59 Cambridge Ave.
                     (just east of Broadview and Danforth)
                                  Sat. March 2, 2013
                                  10:15 am--12:15 pm        

Cost: $25.00

To Register: Contact Barbara Sauvé  barbarassong@gmail.com